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SMART IRRIGATION USING IOT
The aim of this project is to create an automated smart irrigation model that can sense soil moisture and water it until it reaches the desired moisture level.
As opposed to conventional irrigation, an automated irrigation system not only saves time and money, but it also ensures that water supplies are used efficiently.
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COMPONENTS
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Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
CONNECTION SCHEMATIC
ARDUINO UNO SOIL SENSOR
5V to Vcc
GND to GND
A0 to A0
ARDUINO UNO ESP-8266 WIFI MODULE
pin 3 to TX
pin 4 to RX
3.3V to VCC
3.3V to CH_PD
GND to GND
ARDUINO UNO MOTOR DRIVER MODULE
pin 8 to A2
5V to ENABLE A
GND to V-
GND to A1
MOTOR DRIVER WATER PUMP
MA1 to +ve (red)
MA2 to -ve (black)
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As mentioned before, this project requires a motor driver as a motor requires 9V which a typical microcontroller cannot provide. The YL69 probe is fixed into the soil/pot and the values are read and transmitted to the microcontroller using the YL38 interface. Using these data as inputs, the microcontroller controls the motor all based on an "if condition". And this is done until the moisture content reaches the desired value.
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PROGRAMMING LOGIC
pin A0 - used to read data from the sensor
pin 8 - to activate /deactivate the pump
pins 3,4 - transmitting and receiving pins of esp8266 module
The values are read from the sensor using analogRead( ) function and map function is used to convert these values for better readability.
As we've seen already, when the soil moisture is low, the sensor's raw data is high. Therefore, the raw data is mapped in reverse (i.e) map(value,0,1023,100,0).
Now, we activate the pump if the mapped value is below the threshold.
Now, these values are continuously transmitted to the ThingSpeak api via esp8266 WiFi module.
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