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SMART BUILDING USING IOT
Automation can be broadly classified into two categories namely Industrial automation and building automation. Where building automation can be further classified into Home and Office automation.
A smart building is one that may contain features such as Automated Lighting, person counter, Water management, and even Temperature management.
This smart building model uses occupancy sensors to detect occupants .
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COMPONENTS
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Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
CONNECTION SCHEMATIC
In this project, we use a total of 2 PIR sensors (one for entrance and one for exit)
ARDUINO UNO PIR SENSOR
5V to Vcc
GND to GND
Pins 2 & 3 to 0 of PIR 1 & 0 of PIR 2 respectively
ARDUINO UNO ESP-8266 WIFI MODULE
pin 3 to TX
pin 4 to RX
3.3V to VCC
3.3V to CH_PD
GND to GND
ARDUINO UNO RELAY DRIVER MODULE
pin 8 to R1
5V to R2
GND to GND
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As mentioned earlier, this project uses 2 PIR sensors. One of the sensors would be placed in the entrance and the other in the exit. We program the Arduino microcontroller in such a way that whenever a person/object passes through the sensor, a loop is initiated which counts the number of instances the sensor is activated essentially counting the number of people entering a building and the light is switched ON.  Similarly, when an object is detected at the exit, another loop is used to reduce the count by 1. This process continues until the count drops to 0, when the light is finally switched OFF indicating there is no one present in the building.
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